Forest Watch Indonesia, together with HuMA and JKPP, collaborate to provide support to the community through the presentation and analysis of forest utilization overlaps and tenure system monitoring in REDD demonstration. This tenure analysis is also used as monitoring for the implementation process of the developing REDD model in Indonesia related to community rights, especially land rights.

The presentation and analysis of forest resource utilization and management overlaps aim to provide balanced information on various emerging initiatives supporting negotiation processes at the indigenous/local community level. Developing data analysis and forest area overlaps as the initial analysis model to understand tenure conflicts in REDD demonstration sites. It is crucial to present simpler and easily understandable overlap analysis results to support the struggle of indigenous/local communities in negotiating with the government, forestry entrepreneurs, and existing forest utilization initiatives in community/locality areas.

Community Conditions Surrounding REDD Allocation Plan
In this study, the selected area for the REDD demonstration plan is the area that has been socialized and initiated by Flora and Fauna Indonesia (FFI) in West Kalimantan Province, namely Ketapang Regency and Kapuas Hulu Regency. The research was conducted by selecting village points and gathering as much information as possible from the community related to the management system and ongoing initiatives in the community. Here, we will briefly describe the community conditions in the two regencies.

Ketapang Regency
In Ketapang Regency, the area allocated for REDD is around 5 villages in 3 sub-districts, but observations were only conducted in 4 villages, namely Tanjung Pura and Tempurukan villages in the administrative area of Muara Pawan sub-district and Sungai Puteri and Tanjung Baik Budi villages administratively located in the North Matan Hilir sub-district. The locations are close to the capital of Ketapang Regency, with a travel distance of 20 to 30 km from Ketapang city. Among the 4 visited villages, Tanjung Pura is somewhat remote, located on the banks of the Pawan River. To reach Tanjung Pura, one can only access it by speedboat, as there is no public transportation due to the poorly maintained/unpaved road (still dirt road) mainly used for access to plantations in the area. On the other hand, the other 3 villages, Tempurukan, Sungai Puteri, and Tanjung Baik Budi are situated along the coastal line, making them easily accessible as they are along the Ketapang – Sukadana main road.

Generally, life there is more modern due to being on the city access route. The population is dominated by migrants, mostly Malays, with their main source of income being agriculture and a small portion engaged in fishing. The residents there are not familiar with communal ownership, including land, as land ownership is generally considered private, and some even have land certificates. According to the locals, the land management system involves allocating land for farming within 3 km from the village road and reserving an area for future cultivation within 3 – 5 km from the farming boundaries, with the rest being state-owned forests but could be managed/utilized by the community with the approval of the local government. In contrast, in Sungai Putri village, they have a reserve extending up to 8 km.

Currently, to boost the economy, the community relies on agriculture, especially rubber and coconut plantations. They used to work in the timber industry as it was more profitable, but due to dwindling timber resources, they had to switch back to agriculture, with a small portion engaging in fishing. Tempurukan, Sungai Putri, and Tanjung Baik Budi villages are more developed compared to Tanjung Pura, despite being one of the oldest villages in the region. Tanjung Pura lacks adequate infrastructure to reach the village; residents still rely on speedboats besides private vehicles like motorcycles, etc.

Kapuas Hulu Regency The area allocated for the REDD demonstration plan in Kapuas Hulu Regency is around Lake Sentarum, both in the East and West parts. The study focuses on the western area of Lake Sentarum, consisting of 4 villages, namely Bajauandai village administratively located in the Empanang sub-district and Janting, Pulaumajang, and Seriang villages administratively located in the Badau sub-district. Access to these villages can be by road and river; the road can be reached through the Kapuas Hulu Regency capital (Putussibau), followed by a bus ride to the Badau sub-district capital. River transportation can be accessed by taking a bus/travel from Pontianak to Suhaid, then continuing with a speedboat along the