Land and Natural Resources (SDA) are very important factors for the livelihoods of most people in Indonesia. Land and natural resources are not only factors of production, but also carry social, political, cultural meanings, and even have religious significance. However, the wealth of natural resources seems to become a disaster for its people. Conflicts based on issues of control and management of natural resources continue to be a major problem in Indonesia. Various monitoring results show that natural resource conflicts are increasingly widespread with intense and escalating violations of rights.

The Association for Community and Ecology-Based Law Reform in Indonesia recorded conflicts taking place in 98 cities/districts in 22 provinces. Alarmingly, the conflict areas cover 2,043,287 hectares or more than 20 thousand km². This area is equivalent to half the size of West Sumatra Province. The emergence of thousands of disputes and conflicts over the use of agrarian resources and the management of natural resources accompanied by human rights violations, as well as the priority of large-scale business needs, has led to the concentration of control that drives the creation of inequalities in agrarian structures and natural resource management. The weakness of institutions managing agrarian/natural resources has also led to the exploitation of natural resources beyond their carrying capacity, making environmental degradation increasingly inevitable. On a social level, horizontal conflicts that disrupt social structures and communities, which may have been woven since ancient times, are also occurring.

Through this session, participants are expected to learn and understand what conflicts are, conflicts between legal systems and their causes, mechanisms and models of conflict resolution, the advantages and disadvantages of each conflict resolution model, and be able to choose the appropriate and beneficial conflict resolution models for the community.